Editing Flower planting

{{game icons|pb=y}}
[[File:PB Flower Planting Tutorial.png|thumb|250px|Flowers being planted behind the player.]]
'''Flower planting''' is a game mechanic in {{pb}}. While flower planting is active, [[petal]]s of the type that is being planted are consumed and small flowers of the same type will be planted in a trail behind the player's [[Mii]]. These flower will appear on the in-game [[Pikmin Bloom interface#Map|map]] as the player walks around the real world. Planting flowers grants the player various boosts, such as earning [[coin]]s, growing [[seedling]]s faster, and the ability to bloom [[Big Flower]]s. While within a Big Flower's radius, players can plant flowers in the radius around it to allow the Big Flower to bloom once 300 flowers are planted. Running out of selected petals while the device is asleep will cause the flower planting session to immediately end.

== Details ==
While planting flowers, a widget appears at the top of the map screen showing how many total flowers have been planted so far, how many coins have been earned so far, and how many more flower need to be planted before the next coin is earned. Below this, a smaller widget labeled "Accelerate" appears, which can be tapped to quickly open the confirmation menu to use a [[#Flower Planting Accelerator|Flower Planting Accelerator]].

Having flower planting active grows [[seedling]]s faster. If a player is planting flowers, seedlings will reach maturity faster with an automatic step-count bonus. Initially, it starts with a 10% bonus, and eventually reaches a maximum of 30% as flowers are planted.

Flowers can be seen on the map for seven days before they disappear, though they can disappear a few days earlier<!--needs more testing--> if approached by the player while planting other flowers. If flowers are planted within the radius of a Big Flower, they will instead last until the Big Flower blooms and resets.

== Mechanics ==
For the purposes of flower planting, the world is divided into a grid of cells that are around 5 by 5 meters.{{cite web|https://www.reddit.com/r/PikminBloomApp/comments/rk5385/flower_planting_speed_and_hidden_mechanics/|Post by u/connection_lost|Reddit|published={{date|19|December|2021}}|retrieved={{date|9|June|2024}}|rname=flower_planting_speed_and_hidden_mechanics_reddit}} These cells are determined by a grid of larger cells sized at 0.00036 decimal degrees across both dimensions. These larger cells are then divided into a number of smaller cells, depending on their respective latitiude. At the equator, as well as for the majority of the populated ranges of the earth, the division is into 64 smaller cells, each with edges sized at 0.000045 decimal degrees.{{cite web|https://www.reddit.com/r/PikminBloomApp/comments/zwibwq/comment/j1xlk6l/|Comment by u/Cirrus_Aeltir|Reddit|published={{date|27|December|2022}}|retrieved={{date|9|June|2024}}}} The cells are not shown to the player, but are used to calculate many features of flower planting.

One flower can be planted in each cell, and once a flower is in a cell, another one cannot take its place until 5 minutes have passed. As a player walks with flower planting turned on, they will plant flowers in nearby grid cells. This will only happen if the player is moving less than 16-20 kilometers per hour (10-13 miles per hour), to prevent players from being able to plant lots of flowers from within a vehicle. This maximum speed seems to vary between players/locations.

Not all flowers are rendered on the map screen. When flowers are directly adjacent to each other, only some will be shown, and the density shown depends on how far in front of the camera they are, as well as the performance of the device being used to play the game. Flowers are also not rendered when they are on top of roads. However, all flowers, including non-rendered ones, are counted in the banner at the top of the screen that says how many flowers have been planted in a session.

During flower planting, flowers are set down around the player in a rectangular area, which is longer along the north-south axis. The size of the player's [[squad]] controls the size of this planting area. For every 10 Pikmin added to the squad, the rectangle will increase by one cell along both dimensions. The rate at which [[petal]]s are consumed will also increase, though this does not outweigh the benefits of increasing the planting area. {{cite web | rname=flower_planting_speed_and_hidden_mechanics_reddit}}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Pikmin in squad
!Minimum [[level]]
!colspan="2"|Planting area
!Petal use interval (seconds)
!Petals used per minute
|-
|1-9
|1
|2x1 (2)
|[[File:Flower Planting Area 2x1.png|x50px]]
|30
|2
|-
|10-19
|7
|3x2 (6)
|[[File:Flower Planting Area 3x2.png|x60px]]
|20
|3
|-
|20-29
|9
|4x3 (12)
|[[File:Flower Planting Area 4x3.png|x70px]]
|15
|4
|-
|30-39
|15
|5x4 (20)
|[[File:Flower Planting Area 5x4.png|x80px]]
|12
|5
|-
|40
|55
|6x5 (30)
|[[File:Flower Planting Area 6x5.png|x90px]]
|10
|6
|}

{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hiddentable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"
|-
!Squad Size Level Requirements before {{date|14|August|2023}}
|-
|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Pikmin in squad
|1-9
|10-19
|20-29
|30-39
|40
|-
!Minimum [[level]]
|1
|10
|20
|40
|60
|}
|}

[[File:Big Flower Planting Grid.png|thumb|250px|center|A diagram depicting the flower grid situated around a Big Flower. Pink panels represent area that contributes to the Big Flower's count when planted in. This shape is uniform for all Big Flowers.]]

== With Others ==
{{game help|pb|From what distance can players see one another?}}
The flower planting menu contains a setting that toggles the "With Others" mode. When a player is planting flowers in this mode, other players will be able to see that player's [[Mii]] and their [[squad]] walking around and planting flowers. This mode does not display player usernames, and is disabled for child accounts.
{{clear}}

== Privacy Zones ==
[[File:PB Privacy Zone.png|thumb|200px|A placed Privacy Zone.]]
Privacy Zones allow a player to designate circular areas within which their own flowers will temporarily cease to be planted during planting, and as a result, coins will not be earned nor will flowers be counted toward [[Event Challenge]] missions. However, other planting effects will otherwise continue as normal, consuming petals at a rate proportional to [[squad]] size, and maintaining the seedling growth rate bonus. Zones do not affect other players or their planting, nor are they visible to other players.

Planting flowers [[#With Others|With Others]] is affected by Privacy Zones. When a player enters one of their Privacy Zones, the location of their [[Mii]] will stop moving at the edge of the Privacy Zone, and any changes in location the player makes while in the Privacy Zone will not be visible to other players. Once the player leaves the Privacy Zone, their location will update. Other players may need to close and reopen their game to see the player's location updated.

To place a Privacy Zone, a player must open the settings menu, followed by the "Privacy" and "Flower Planting" submenus, and then select "Create Privacy Zone". A zone's radius of effect can range between 50 to 300 meters. Zones will be named after their district location by default, but this can be changed by the player. A player may add as many as 5 concurrent Privacy Zones, which can be deleted or have their locations, sizes and names edited at any time. While in a Privacy Zone, a text box will appear on the player's screen that read "You have entered a Privacy Zone".
{{clear}}

== Flower Planting Accelerator ==
[[File:Flower Planting Accelerator icon.png|thumb|left|150px|A Flower Planting Accelerator.]]
The Flower Planting Accelerator is an item unlocked at [[Level#Pikmin Bloom|level]] 12 that doubles petal usage and flower output for 15 minutes while flower planting. It is a consumable item that can be bought from the [[shop]], or obtained as rewards from [[event]]s. One can be used by pressing the "Accelerate" button while flower planting that appears in multiple menus, and then confirming the use of the accelerator in a pop-up box. If another accelerator is used before the current one expires, the period is extended.

When an accelerator is active, all instances of the "Accelerate" button changed to show an activated version of the accelerator, and the word accelerate is replaced by a timer that counts down how much accelerated flower planting time remains.

The doubling effect is done by planting 2 flowers in each cell instead of 1, not by increasing the planting radius. The cooldown period before the same player can plant into the same cell again remains the same. [[Big Flower]] flower counts, progress towards coins earned from flower planting, and progress towards [[Event Challenge]] missions are all affected by the doubled output.
{{clear}}

<gallery>
PB accelerator animation.gif|The animation that plays when a Flower Planting Accelerator is activated.
Flower planting accelerator activated icon.png|An activated Flower Planting Accelerator.
PB accelerator information.jpg|The confirmation pop-up box that appears when tapping the "Accelerate" button, providing details on how the accelerator works.
PB accelerator planting menu.jpg|A section of the [[Pikmin Bloom interface#Flower planting|flower planting menu]], showing the player's total Flower Planting Accelerators, among other details.
PB accelerator widget.jpg|The "Accelerate" button that appears while flower planting.
PB accelerator widget full.jpg|The "Accelerate" button that appears while flower planting, below the widget that shows total flowers planted and coins earned.
PB accelerator planting menu activated.jpg|An activated Flower Planting Accelerator as seen in the flower planting menu, showing how much time is left on the accelerator, among other details.
PB accelerator widget activated.jpg|The "Accelerate" button while a Flower Planting Accelerator is active, showing a timer of how much time is left on the accelerator.
</gallery>
{{clear}}

== Strategy ==
{{guide}}
In terms of efficiency, there are two different ways to go about flower planting.
* To plant the most flowers in the least time in order to gain the most [[coin]]s, the most efficient way to plant is to be moving consistently at under the maximum allowed speed of 16-20km/h (10-13mph), through methods such as riding a bike or driving in a car. Moving east-west is more efficient than moving north-south, to use the longer axis of the planting rectangle.
* If stationary, the strategy is to plant once every 5 minutes and spend only a single petal each time. It is ideal to get the most time out of the one petal as possible, since there is enough time to move and cover more ground than just the planting rectangle by itself, but the risk is that planting will not stop in time (due to lag in communicating with the server) before rolling over to spending (and likely wasting) the next petal.

Both methods are good for completing [[Event Challenge]] missions that require rare resources, since they plant many flowers per petal.

While planting, it is prudent to avoid reducing squad size, as this can drop planting rate significantly. Pikmin currently in the squad should not go on expeditions unless the squad is immediately refilled.

In certain conditions, the device may "drift" from its true position, potentially quickly moving or even teleporting the player over significant distances (usually less than 100 m but sometimes up to 1 km). While inconsistent and random, this allows for planting in places that are nearby but inaccessible. Drifting is more common during poor weather conditions or when the device is in close proximity to other network-using devices.

== Badges ==
There are 5 [[Badge (Pikmin Bloom)|badges]] the player can gain from flower planting:
* '''Apprentice Flower Badge''': Plant 1,000 flowers.
* '''Novice Flower Badge''': Plant 20,000 flowers.
* '''Enthusiast Flower Badge''': Plant 500,000 flowers.
* '''Expert Flower Badge''': Plant 1,600,000 flowers.
* '''Master Flower Badge''': Plant 3,000,000 flowers.
<gallery>
PB Flower Badge 1.png|Apprentice Flower Badge. The badge shows a [[petal]] jar.
PB Flower Badge 2.png|Novice Flower Badge. The badge shows a [[Big Flower]].
PB Flower Badge 3.png|Enthusiast Flower Badge. The badge shows several small flowers.
PB Flower Badge 4.png|Expert Flower Badge. The badge shows 3 [[Pikmin family|Pikmin]] and several small flowers.
PB Flower Badge 5.png|Master Flower Badge. The badge shows a [[Big Flower]], 3 [[Pikmin family|Pikmin]], and several small flowers.
</gallery>

== Gallery ==
=== Screenshots ===
{{image}}
<gallery>
Pikmin Bloom Petal selection.jpg|Selecting which type of petals to plant.
Mii planting flowers in a body of water.png|Mii planting flowers in a body of water.
PB with friends 3.png|thumb|200px|Flower planting with multiple people.
PB with friends 2.png|thumb|200px|Flower planting with others in water.
</gallery>

=== Flower types ===
On the [[Pikmin Bloom interface#Map|map]], planted flowers are shown as 2D sprites that turn around to face the camera. The sprite depends on the type of flower.
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hiddentable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="5"|Flower sprites
|-
!Flower type!!White!!Yellow!!Red!!Blue
|-
!Basic
|[[File:White flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Pansy
|[[File:White pansy flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow pansy flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red pansy flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue pansy flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Rose
|[[File:White rose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow rose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red rose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue rose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Poinsettia
|[[File:White poinsettia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow poinsettia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red poinsettia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue poinsettia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Camellia
|[[File:White camellia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow camellia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red camellia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue camellia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Plum blossom
|[[File:White plum blossom flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow plum blossom flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red plum blossom flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|-
!Cherry blossom
|[[File:White cherry blossom flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Tulip
|[[File:White tulip flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow tulip flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red tulip flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue tulip flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Carnation
|[[File:White carnation flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow carnation flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red carnation flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue carnation flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Hydrangea
|[[File:White hydrangea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|[[File:Red hydrangea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue hydrangea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Lily
|[[File:White lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|-
!Sunflower
|N/A
|[[File:Yellow sunflower flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Spider Lily
|[[File:White spider lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow spider lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red spider lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|-
!Cosmos
|[[File:White cosmos flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow cosmos flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red cosmos flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|-
!Cyclamen
|[[File:White cyclamen flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|[[File:Red cyclamen flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue cyclamen flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Daffodil
|[[File:White daffodil flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow daffodil flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Windflower
|[[File:White windflower flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow windflower flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red windflower flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue windflower flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Baby Blue Eyes
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|[[File:Blue nemophila flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Calla Lily
|[[File:White calla lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow calla lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red calla lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue calla lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Frangipani
|[[File:White frangipani flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow frangipani flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red frangipani flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|-
!Hibiscus
|[[File:White hibiscus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow hibiscus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red hibiscus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue hibiscus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Dianthus
|[[File:White dianthus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|[[File:Red dianthus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue dianthus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Gentian
|[[File:White gentian flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|[[File:Red gentian flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue gentian flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Chrysanthemum
|[[File:White mum flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow mum flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red mum flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue mum flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Helleborus
|[[File:White helleborus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow helleborus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red helleborus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue helleborus flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Cattleya
|[[File:White cattleya flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow cattleya flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red cattleya flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue cattleya flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Hyacinth
|[[File:White hyacinth flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow hyacinth flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red hyacinth flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue hyacinth flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Sweet Pea
|[[File:White sweet pea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow sweet pea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red sweet pea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue sweet pea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Lily of the Valley
|[[File:White convallaria flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|[[File:Red convallaria flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|-
!Peony
|[[File:White peony flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow peony flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red peony flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue peony flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Water Lily
|[[File:White water lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow water lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red water lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue water lily flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Morning Glory
|[[File:White morning glory flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow morning glory flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red morning glory flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue morning glory flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Bougainvillea
|[[File:White bougainvillea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow bougainvillea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red bougainvillea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue bougainvillea flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Dahlia
|[[File:White dahlia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow dahlia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red dahlia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue dahlia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Clematis
|[[File:White clematis flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow clematis flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red clematis flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue clematis flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Snowdrop
|[[File:White snowdrop flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow snowdrop flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red snowdrop flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|-
!Freesia
|[[File:White freesia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow freesia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red freesia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue freesia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Canola Flower
|[[File:White canola flower flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow canola flower flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|[[File:Blue canola flower flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Anniversary Rose
|[[File:White anniversary rose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow anniversary rose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red anniversary rose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue anniversary rose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Iris
|[[File:White iris flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow iris flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red iris flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue iris flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Bird of Paradise
|[[File:White strelitzia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow strelitzia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red strelitzia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|-
!Celosia
|[[File:White celosia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow celosia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red celosia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue celosia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Marigold
|[[File:White marigold flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow marigold flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red marigold flowers icon.png|75px]]
|N/A
|-
!Salvia
|[[File:White salvia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow salvia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red salvia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue salvia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Primrose
|[[File:White primrose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow primrose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red primrose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue primrose flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Moth Orchid
|[[File:White moth orchid flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow moth orchid flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red moth orchid flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue moth orchid flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Snapdragon
|[[File:White snapdragon flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow snapdragon flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red snapdragon flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue snapdragon flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Petunia
|[[File:White petunia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow petunia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red petunia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue petunia flowers icon.png|75px]]
|-
!Parrot Tulip
|[[File:White parrot tulip flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Yellow parrot tulip flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Red parrot tulip flowers icon.png|75px]]
|[[File:Blue parrot tulip flowers icon.png|75px]]
|}

== History ==
The following changes have been made to flower planting over time:
{|class="wikitable"
![[Update]] or date
!Changes
|-
|{{date|18|February|2022}}
|Added privacy zones, allowing areas to be designated within which the player will not plant flowers, obscuring their trail.
|-
|{{date|8|June|2022}}
|Doubled the rate of [[petal]] consumption while flower planting. Changed the planted flowers required per coin from 500 to 250.
|-
|{{date|9|February|2023}}
|Added the Flower Planting Accelerator, which doubles flowers planted and petal usage for 15 minutes after use.
|-
|{{date|1|November|2024}}
|Pikmin now receive one [[friendship]] point if they are in your active squad when a flower planting session ends. One point can be earned for each Pikmin every 24 hours, resetting at midnight local time. New Pikmin can be swapped in after starting a flower planting session, and once the session is ended, one friendship point will be given to any Pikmin who have not received their daily friendship point.
|}

== Trivia ==
* Flowers cannot be planted in military areas.
** This means that Big Flowers in military areas cannot ever bloom.
* There are currently no flowers that exclusively come in only the red color.
** However, there have been flowers in the past that only came in red, but have had other colors added since.

== See also ==
* [[Big Flower]]
* [[Coin]]
* [[Fruit (Pikmin Bloom)|Fruit (''Pikmin Bloom'')]]
* [[Vegetation]]

== References ==
{{refs}}

{{bloom articles}}